Late occurrence of a large brachial artery aneurysm following closure of a hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula.

After the pioneer observations by Hunter more than two centuries ago, recent reports have expanded our knowledge about the occurrence and pathophysiology of arterial abnormalities associated with long-lasting hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after its closure. Observed abnormalities include arterial dilatation and aneurysm formation proximal to the site of the repaired AVF. We describe here a patient who developed, after long-lasting hemodialysis AVF, a pan-arterial dilatation with a large brachial artery aneurysm, which was successfully treated with a polytetrafluoroethylene bypass graft.