A photolithographic method to create cellular micropatterns.

Here we describe a simple and rapid system for creation of patterned cell culture substrates. This technique is based on (1) printing a mask on a standard overhead transparency, (2) coating a thin layer of a photocrosslinkable chitosan on a slide, (3) exposing the slide and mask to ultraviolet (UV) light, and (4) rinsing the uncrosslinked polymer to expose the underlying cell-repellent patterns. Photocross-linkable chitosan does not require photoinitiators, it is non-toxic and forms flexible, biocompatible hydrogel upon short ( approximately min) UV exposure. Patterns of various shapes (lanes, squares, triangles, circles) were created on two surfaces commonly used for cell culture: glass and tissue culture polystyrene. The pattern size could be varied with a mum resolution using a single mask and varying UV exposure time. Cardiac fibroblasts formed stable patterns for up to 18 days in culture. Cardiomyocytes, patterned in lanes 68-99 microm wide, exhibited expression of cardiac Troponin I, well developed contractile apparatus and they contracted synchronously in response to electrical field stimulation. Osteoblasts (SAOS-2) localized in the exposed glass regions (squares, triangles, or circles; 0.063-0.5mm(2)). They proliferated to confluence in 5 days, expressed alkaline phosphatase and produced a mineralized matrix.