Hyperuricemia and associated diseases.

After introduction of urate-lowering therapy, asympotomatic hyperuricemia was treated with allopurinol or uricosuric agents in the belief that hyperuricemia and/or gout caused chronic kidney disease. Epidemiologic studies in the 1970s, however, failed to confirm the view that hyperuricemia and gout were independent risk factors for chronic kidney disease. As a result, urate-lowering pharmacotherapy is generally not recommended at the present time in the management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia even though recent epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies have prompted reexamination of a causal role for hyperuricemia (with or without gout) in chronic kidney disease as well as other important disorders including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. The issue of such a role remains unresolved and this article reviews the current status of the relationship between hyperuricemia and associated disorders.