Surgical management of urolithiasis.

Pediatric patients with urolithiasis present unique challenges. Interventional techniques developed for adult patients have been adopted and adapted to facilitate effective and safe treatment in this population. Management must be stratified and individualized, taking into account the many factors described in this article. Long-term follow-up and metabolic evaluation are essential components of the overall treatment strategy. Interventional management will continue to evolve with progressive refinements in instrumentation and techniques.