OBJECTIVE: To measure the incidence of acute respiratory infections and burden of respiratory pathogens in children aged two months to five years. METHODS: Four periurban communities in Karachi were selected for the study. The children, identified with fever and cough during community surveillance at regular intervals, were referred to especially established study clinics. These children were diagnosed to have "no pneumonia", "pneumonia" and "severe pneumonia" as per IMCI guidelines. To identify the causative organisms, children with pneumonia and severe pneumonia were investigated with oropharyngeal swabs and blood culture. RESULTS: Acute respiratory infection was seen in 5884 children during 1st February 2002 to 31st January 2003. Of these, 1097 children had pneumonia and severe pneumonia, with an incidence 440.3/1000 children per year for Acute Respiratory Infections and 82.1/1000 children per year for pneumonias. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 10.9%, 3.7% and 8.5% of oropharyngeal swabs respectively. Extrapolating from the results of this study, the total number of cases of pneumonias in children aged less than five years in Pakistan is estimated to be 213,116 per year due to H. influenzae, and 71,864 per year due to S. pneumoniae. CONCLUSION: Incidence of acute respiratory infections in children varies in different communities and is a common cause of morbidity.
OBJECTIVE: To measure the incidence of acute respiratory infections and burden of respiratory pathogens in children aged two months to five years. METHODS: Four periurban communities in Karachi were selected for the study. The children, identified with fever and cough during community surveillance at regular intervals, were referred to especially established study clinics. These children were diagnosed to have "no pneumonia", "pneumonia" and "severe pneumonia" as per IMCI guidelines. To identify the causative organisms, children with pneumonia and severe pneumonia were investigated with oropharyngeal swabs and blood culture. RESULTS: Acute respiratory infection was seen in 5884 children during 1st February 2002 to 31st January 2003. Of these, 1097 children had pneumonia and severe pneumonia, with an incidence 440.3/1000 children per year for Acute Respiratory Infections and 82.1/1000 children per year for pneumonias. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 10.9%, 3.7% and 8.5% of oropharyngeal swabs respectively. Extrapolating from the results of this study, the total number of cases of pneumonias in children aged less than five years in Pakistan is estimated to be 213,116 per year due to H. influenzae, and 71,864 per year due to S. pneumoniae. CONCLUSION: Incidence of acute respiratory infections in children varies in different communities and is a common cause of morbidity.
Authors: Aamir J Khan; Hamidah Hussain; Saad B Omer; Sajida Chaudry; Sajid Ali; Adil Khan; Zayed Yasin; J Khan Imran; Rozina Mistry; Imam Yar Baig; Franklin White; Lawrence H Moulton; Neal A Halsey Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2009-03 Impact factor: 9.408
Authors: Rahul Pradhan; Umesh Shrestha; Samir C Gautam; Stephen Thorson; Kabindra Shrestha; Bharat K Yadav; Dominic F Kelly; Neelam Adhikari; Andrew J Pollard; David R Murdoch Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-10-24 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Tabish Hazir; Khadija Begum; Shams El Arifeen; Amira M Khan; M Hamidul Huque; Narjis Kazmi; Sushmita Roy; Saleem Abbasi; Qazi Sadeq-Ur Rahman; Evropi Theodoratou; Mahmuda Shayema Khorshed; Kazi Mizanur Rahman; Sanwarul Bari; M Mahfuzul Islam Kaiser; Samir K Saha; A S M Nawshad Uddin Ahmed; Igor Rudan; Jennifer Bryce; Shamim Ahmad Qazi; Harry Campbell Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2013-05-07 Impact factor: 11.069
Authors: Harish Nair; Eric Af Simões; Igor Rudan; Bradford D Gessner; Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner; Jian Shayne F Zhang; Daniel R Feikin; Grant A Mackenzie; Jennifer C Moiïsi; Anna Roca; Henry C Baggett; Syed Ma Zaman; Rosalyn J Singleton; Marilla G Lucero; Aruna Chandran; Angela Gentile; Cheryl Cohen; Anand Krishnan; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Adriano Arguedas; Alexey Wilfrido Clara; Ana Lucia Andrade; Maurice Ope; Raúl Oscar Ruvinsky; María Hortal; John P McCracken; Shabir A Madhi; Nigel Bruce; Shamim A Qazi; Saul S Morris; Shams El Arifeen; Martin W Weber; J Anthony G Scott; W Abdullah Brooks; Robert F Breiman; Harry Campbell Journal: Lancet Date: 2013-01-29 Impact factor: 79.321