Rethinking prevention.

The purpose of this paper was to present information that underscores: (1) the need for understanding the fundamental nature of dental caries; and (2) efforts to minimize its consequences in light of available scientific evidence, recent population trends, and persistent pressures to extend improvements in oral health to all children in the most cost-effective manner. The primary emphasis was placed on the importance of appreciating caries as a common, complex, chronic disease whose deleterious effects can be mitigated best with ongoing use of appropriate, risk-based protective measures. Additional attention was given to current and emerging challenges along with considerations for aligning oral health promotion and delivery system capacity with children's oral health care needs.