Does open surgery continue to have a role in elective splenectomy?

BACKGROUND: Since it was first reported in 1991, laparoscopic splenectomy has become the procedure of choice for elective splenectomy. However, doubts have been raised regarding the suitability of patients with splenomegaly (>1 kg) for laparoscopic resection because there have been reports of greater morbidity and higher conversion rates in this group of patients. Since 2000, patients referred to the authors' center for splenectomy with an estimated spleen weight exceeding 1 kg have undergone splenectomy by the open approach.
METHODS: Between September 1995 and April 2005, 95 elective splenectomies were performed by a single surgeon. Operative data were collected prospectively.
RESULTS: A comparison between the operations that took place before 2001 (n = 47) and those performed after 2000 (n = 48) for all sizes of spleen showed significant reductions in conversion rate, operative time, and hospital stay in the later group. As compared with laparoscopic splenectomy (n = 11), open splenectomy (n = 18) for cases of splenomegaly resulted in a significantly shorter operative time, less operative blood loss, and no significant difference in hospital stay.
CONCLUSION: Although laparoscopic splenectomy is the treatment of choice for the majority of patients requiring elective splenectomy, the procedure for patients with significant splenomegaly requires caution and common sense. This study shows that an open splenectomy for these patients significantly reduces operative time and blood loss without increasing morbidity or hospital stay.