When training is insufficient: reflections on capacity development in health promotion in Peru.

The international development community has lately recognized the programatic importance of capacity development. Despite growing attention, a consensus is still lacking on appropriate strategies and interventions to strengthen local capacity for development programs. The CHANGE Project designed and implemented a program to contribute to capacity development in health promotion in Peru between 2002 and 2005. This article discusses key lessons learned in the program. Successful capacity development requires the strengthening of institutional networks. Training activities alone are insufficient. Educational opportunities need to be integrated into strategies that aim to institutionalize competencies in specific work contexts and promote the inter-institutional linkages. The experience suggests that capacity development programs need to start by assessing challenges to make competencies effective in job performance. Projects should neither be donor-driven nor depend on individuals. Instead, they should focus on institution building, find creative ways to promote long-term sustainability of capacity development, and require long-term commitment to promote ownership and sustainability. What is needed is an approach that maximizes the impact of programs through collaboration among institutions committed to supporting and absorbing capacity, and to having mechanisms to monitor and change job performance according to the needs of staff, supervisors and other stakeholders.