Blockade of beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors delays wound contraction and re-epithelialization in rats.

1. The participation of sympathetic efferent fibres in wound healing is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptor blockade on rat excisional cutaneous wound healing. 2. Male rats were treated orally with propranolol dissolved in drinking water (50 mg/kg per day), whereas the control group received drinking water without propranolol. Propranolol was administered daily until rats were killed. A full-thickness excisional lesion was performed. The lesion area was measured to evaluate wound contraction. After rats had been killed, lesion and adjacent normal skin were formol fixed and paraffin embedded. Sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, Sirius red or Toluidine blue and immunostained for a-smooth muscle actin or proliferating cell nuclear antigen. 3. Propranolol-treated rats presented delayed wound contraction and epidermal healing and decreased hydroxyproline levels, collagen density and neo-epidermis thickness. Blockade of beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors increased epidermal and connective tissue cell proliferation, polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration, myofibroblast density and mast cell migration. The volume density of blood vessels was increased and vessels were more dilated in propranolol-treated animals. 4. Thus, we conclude that beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptor blockade impairs cutaneous wound healing. This information should be considered by physicians during the treatment of patients who present with hypertension and problems in the healing process (such as venous ulcers).