Seppo Juvela1, Jari Siironen. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. seppo.juvela@helsinki.fi
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), elevated D-dimer levels have been associated with poor clinical condition and outcome. We tested prospectively whether D-dimer values affect outcome after SAH independently of severity of bleeding. METHODS: Previous diseases, and clinical as well as radiological variables, were recorded for 136 patients with SAH admitted within 48 hours after bleeding. Plasma D-dimer was measured in the morning after aneurysm occlusion and at discharge 10 to 12 days after SAH. Factors predicting poor outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 3 months after SAH and appearance of cerebral infarction were tested with multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Patients with poor outcome had higher D-dimer values than did those with favorable outcome: after surgery, a median 1250 (25th and 75th percentiles 675 and 2900) microg/L versus 720 (350 and 1119) microg/L (P=0.001); and at discharge, 1150 (624 and 2875) microg/L versus 360 (330 and 600) microg/L (P<0.001), respectively. In repeated-measures ANOVA, D-dimer decreased more rapidly (P=0.022) in those with favorable outcome. After simultaneous adjustment for several factors affecting outcome, plasma D-dimer after surgery remained a significant predictor for poor outcome (odds ratio, 1.63 per mg/L; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.60; P=0.038) but neither for delayed ischemia nor, on follow-up computed tomography in survivors, for cerebral infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated plasma D-dimer after admission independently predicts poor outcome, suggesting that prolonged excess thrombin generation may impair outcome. Repeated high plasma D-dimer values can be useful in discovering patients at increased risk for poor outcome.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), elevated D-dimer levels have been associated with poor clinical condition and outcome. We tested prospectively whether D-dimer values affect outcome after SAH independently of severity of bleeding. METHODS: Previous diseases, and clinical as well as radiological variables, were recorded for 136 patients with SAH admitted within 48 hours after bleeding. Plasma D-dimer was measured in the morning after aneurysm occlusion and at discharge 10 to 12 days after SAH. Factors predicting poor outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 3 months after SAH and appearance of cerebral infarction were tested with multiple logistic regression. RESULTS:Patients with poor outcome had higher D-dimer values than did those with favorable outcome: after surgery, a median 1250 (25th and 75th percentiles 675 and 2900) microg/L versus 720 (350 and 1119) microg/L (P=0.001); and at discharge, 1150 (624 and 2875) microg/L versus 360 (330 and 600) microg/L (P<0.001), respectively. In repeated-measures ANOVA, D-dimer decreased more rapidly (P=0.022) in those with favorable outcome. After simultaneous adjustment for several factors affecting outcome, plasma D-dimer after surgery remained a significant predictor for poor outcome (odds ratio, 1.63 per mg/L; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.60; P=0.038) but neither for delayed ischemia nor, on follow-up computed tomography in survivors, for cerebral infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated plasma D-dimer after admission independently predicts poor outcome, suggesting that prolonged excess thrombin generation may impair outcome. Repeated high plasma D-dimer values can be useful in discovering patients at increased risk for poor outcome.
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