The application of complex adaptive systems theory to clinical practice in rehabilitation.

It is increasingly emphasised that effective healthcare for the growing number of chronic disease and lifestyle issues must be grounded in a non-reductionist paradigm focused on understanding relationships and applying flexible problem-solving. To address these needs, key principles of complex adaptive systems theory (CAS) are being applied to healthcare planning and research. The aim of this clinical commentary is to provide a brief overview of complex adaptive systems theory and illustrate its relevance to rehabilitation professionals. Further, the review will explore occupational therapist and physiotherapist profession-specific publications for evidence of CAS theory applications that can be used to illustrate the clinical usefulness of complexity science concepts. The commentary will also identify other resources that can assist healthcare providers in developing an understanding of the framework's assumptions and principles for affecting change. Lastly, the implications of failing to acquire a competent understanding of CAS principles and command of the terminology will be addressed and therapists challenged to assume an equal role in mapping healthcare delivery in the 21st century.