Muscarinic adrenal responses to acetylcholine in conscious calves.

1. Adrenal responses to intra-aortic infusions of acetylcholine (4.5 nmol min-1 kg-1 for 10 min) have been investigated in hypophysectomized conscious calves given exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (2 ng min-1 kg-1 I.V.) in the presence and absence of hexamethonium. 2. Acetylcholine produced a significant increase in adrenal cortisol output and plasma cortisol concentration. In the absence of nicotinic blockade with hexamethonium this was apparently accounted for by an increase in adrenal ACTH presentation secondary to increased adrenal blood flow. However, administration of hexamethonium revealed a direct steroidogenic action of acetylcholine in the presence of exogenous ACTH. 3. Adrenal medullary responses to acetylcholine, including the release of catecholamines, enkephalins and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), were not significantly reduced by nicotinic blockade. 4. It is concluded that both adrenal medullary and cortical responses to intraaortic infusions of acetylcholine at a low dose are mediated mainly by muscarinic receptors, as it has previously been shown that they are substantially reduced in the presence of atropine.