Women who did not succeed in the work-based welfare program.

Welfare reform, enacted more than 5 years ago, created dramatic changes in the lives of single mothers living in poverty. The purpose of this study was to describe the lives of women who were unable to sustain involvement with work-based welfare. A multimethodological design and snowball sampling were used to gather qualitative and quantitative data from 31 urban women. Instruments were a demographic form, an interview guide, and the General Well-Being Schedule from the U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Interviews were taped, transcribed, and entered into software to facilitate analysis. Thematic coding and narrative analysis were done. The study population had higher levels of severe and moderate distress than the reference standards for the general population. Barriers within the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) system and personal barriers were identified by the women. Policy changes that address these obstacles would serve as blueprints for achieving the Healthy People 2010 goals for the nation.