UNLABELLED: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the extracellular matrix and contribute to LPS-induced gastric injury. MMPs are closely modulated by their activators, membrane type-MMP (MT-MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). As LPS-induced gastric injury is mediated in part by iNOS, and NO modulates MMP production in vitro, we hypothesized that NOS inhibition would similarly modulate LPS-induced gastric MMP production. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to compare the effects of selective and nonselective NOS inhibition on LPS-induced gastric MMP production. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were given either the nonselective NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 5 mg/kg, s.c.), a selective iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine (45 mg/kg, i.p.) or L-N-iminoethyl-lysine (L-NIL; 10 mg/kg, i.p.), or vehicle 15 min before saline or LPS (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and killed 24 h after LPS administration. Stomachs were assessed for macroscopic injury (computed planimetry), and gastric mucosal MMP production was assessed by gelatin zymography, in situ zymography, and Western analysis for MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2. (n > or = 4/group; ANOVA). RESULTS: Aminoguanidine treatment decreased LPS-induced macroscopic gastric injury as well as MMP-2 and MT1-MMP protein production while having no effect on TIMP-2 protein levels. L-NIL similarly attenuated the induction of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP by LPS. L-NAME failed to attenuate LPS induced gastric injury or MT1-MMP protein induction and increased MMP-2 levels. L-NAME similarly had no effect on gastric TIMP-2 production. CONCLUSIONS: Selective iNOS inhibition decreases gastric MMP-2 activity after LPS administration, whereas nonselective inhibition increases MMP-2 levels. The ability of selective iNOS inhibition to ameliorate LPS-induced gastric injury may be due in part to its inhibition of active MMP-2 production, whereas nonselective NOS inhibitors increase MMP-2 levels and maintain gastric injury after LPS administration.
UNLABELLED: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the extracellular matrix and contribute to LPS-induced gastric injury. MMPs are closely modulated by their activators, membrane type-MMP (MT-MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). As LPS-induced gastric injury is mediated in part by iNOS, and NO modulates MMP production in vitro, we hypothesized that NOS inhibition would similarly modulate LPS-induced gastric MMP production. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to compare the effects of selective and nonselective NOS inhibition on LPS-induced gastric MMP production. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were given either the nonselective NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 5 mg/kg, s.c.), a selective iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine (45 mg/kg, i.p.) or L-N-iminoethyl-lysine (L-NIL; 10 mg/kg, i.p.), or vehicle 15 min before saline or LPS (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and killed 24 h after LPS administration. Stomachs were assessed for macroscopic injury (computed planimetry), and gastric mucosalMMP production was assessed by gelatin zymography, in situ zymography, and Western analysis for MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2. (n > or = 4/group; ANOVA). RESULTS:Aminoguanidine treatment decreased LPS-induced macroscopic gastric injury as well as MMP-2 and MT1-MMP protein production while having no effect on TIMP-2 protein levels. L-NIL similarly attenuated the induction of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP by LPS. L-NAME failed to attenuate LPS induced gastric injury or MT1-MMP protein induction and increased MMP-2 levels. L-NAME similarly had no effect on gastric TIMP-2 production. CONCLUSIONS: Selective iNOS inhibition decreases gastric MMP-2 activity after LPS administration, whereas nonselective inhibition increases MMP-2 levels. The ability of selective iNOS inhibition to ameliorate LPS-induced gastric injury may be due in part to its inhibition of active MMP-2 production, whereas nonselective NOS inhibitors increase MMP-2 levels and maintain gastric injury after LPS administration.
Authors: Emily K Robinson; Daniel P Kelly; David W Mercer; Rosemary A Kozar Journal: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr Date: 2008 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Jeremy L Ward; Benjamin A Delano; Sasha D Adams; Elizabeth E Mercer; David W Mercer Journal: Dig Dis Sci Date: 2009-04-24 Impact factor: 3.199