Leslee F Sanders1, Glen E Duncan. 1. Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To provide reference standards for cardiovascular fitness levels, using population-based estimates of estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) from a diverse sample of U.S. adults. METHODS: Analysis of data from adults (20-49 yr) who completed a submaximal exercise test in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 and 2001-2002. Estimated VO2max was categorized as low (<20th percentile), moderate (between 20th and 59th percentiles), or high (> or =60th percentile) fitness using age- and sex-specific cut-points. RESULTS: There were 1978 subjects, roughly 29% Mexican-American, 20% non-Hispanic black, and 51% non-Hispanic white. Using population-based sample weights, this was equivalent to 54,078,766 persons with mean (+/- SE) age, 34.4 +/- 0.3 yr; body mass index (BMI), 27.0 +/- 0.2 kg x m(-2); and estimated VO2max, 40.4 +/- 0.3 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1). There was a significant association between race and fitness level and between race and fitness level by sex (P < 0.0001). Low fitness was highest among non-Hispanic blacks (percentage (95% confidence interval): 32%, (26-38%)) compared with Mexican-Americans (22% (18-27%)) and non-Hispanic whites (18% (15-21%)), particularly among females, where 35% (28-42%) non-Hispanic black women had low fitness compared with 22% (16.3-27.4%) Mexican-American and 18% (13.7-22.4%) non-Hispanic white women. CONCLUSIONS: Non-Hispanic black adults have the highest percentage of low cardiovascular fitness among major race groups in the United States. On a population basis, over one third of non-Hispanic black women have low cardiovascular fitness, suggesting this group in particular may be at increased health risk due to poor fitness.
PURPOSE: To provide reference standards for cardiovascular fitness levels, using population-based estimates of estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) from a diverse sample of U.S. adults. METHODS: Analysis of data from adults (20-49 yr) who completed a submaximal exercise test in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 and 2001-2002. Estimated VO2max was categorized as low (<20th percentile), moderate (between 20th and 59th percentiles), or high (> or =60th percentile) fitness using age- and sex-specific cut-points. RESULTS: There were 1978 subjects, roughly 29% Mexican-American, 20% non-Hispanic black, and 51% non-Hispanic white. Using population-based sample weights, this was equivalent to 54,078,766 persons with mean (+/- SE) age, 34.4 +/- 0.3 yr; body mass index (BMI), 27.0 +/- 0.2 kg x m(-2); and estimated VO2max, 40.4 +/- 0.3 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1). There was a significant association between race and fitness level and between race and fitness level by sex (P < 0.0001). Low fitness was highest among non-Hispanic blacks (percentage (95% confidence interval): 32%, (26-38%)) compared with Mexican-Americans (22% (18-27%)) and non-Hispanic whites (18% (15-21%)), particularly among females, where 35% (28-42%) non-Hispanic black women had low fitness compared with 22% (16.3-27.4%) Mexican-American and 18% (13.7-22.4%) non-Hispanic white women. CONCLUSIONS: Non-Hispanic black adults have the highest percentage of low cardiovascular fitness among major race groups in the United States. On a population basis, over one third of non-Hispanic black women have low cardiovascular fitness, suggesting this group in particular may be at increased health risk due to poor fitness.
Authors: Amanda E Staiano; Deirdre M Harrington; Neil M Johannsen; Robert L Newton; Mark A Sarzynski; Damon L Swift; Peter T Katzmarzyk Journal: Ethn Dis Date: 2015 Impact factor: 1.847
Authors: Emily S Tonorezos; Peter G Snell; Chaya S Moskowitz; Debra A Eshelman-Kent; Jennifer E Liu; Joanne F Chou; Stephanie M Smith; Andrea L Dunn; Timothy S Church; Kevin C Oeffinger Journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer Date: 2013-02-15 Impact factor: 3.167
Authors: Damon L Swift; Amanda E Staiano; Neil M Johannsen; Carl J Lavie; Conrad P Earnest; Peter T Katzmarzyk; Steven N Blair; Robert L Newton; Timothy S Church Journal: Sports Med Date: 2013-12 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Erica N Howard; Georita M Frierson; Benjamin L Willis; William L Haskell; Tiffany M Powell-Wiley; Laura F Defina Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2013-12 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: Ajay Singhvi; H Steven Sadowsky; Ayelet Cohen; Alysen Demzik; Lisa VanWagner; Mary Rinella; Josh Levitsky Journal: Transplant Direct Date: 2017-07-05
Authors: Xuemei Sui; Virginia J Howard; Michelle N McDonnell; Linda Ernstsen; Matthew L Flaherty; Steven P Hooker; Carl J Lavie Journal: Mayo Clin Proc Date: 2018-06-19 Impact factor: 7.616