Phase function measurements on nonspherical scatterers using a two-axis goniometer.

We present a two-axis goniometer for measuring the phase function of scattering media with an angular resolution of about 0.2 deg having 12 decades of dynamic range and covering almost the full solid angle. The setup is evaluated with polystyrene spheres and with perpendicularly and obliquely illuminated thin glass cylinders. The scattering pattern and its intensity distribution are in excellent agreement with analytical theory. A multiple scattering configuration composed of two parallel cylinders is also examined. Finally, the phase function of dentin slabs is measured and its dependence on the dental microstructure is discussed.