BACKGROUND: While studies have increasingly investigated deficits in reaction time (RT) and RT variability in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few studies have examined the effects of stimulant medication on these important neuropsychological outcome measures. METHODS: 316 children who participated in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) completed the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) at the 24-month assessment point. Outcome measures included standard CPT outcomes (e.g., errors of commission, mean hit reaction time (RT)) and RT indicators derived from an Ex-Gaussian distributional model (i.e., mu, sigma, and tau). RESULTS: Analyses revealed significant effects of medication across all neuropsychological outcome measures. Results on the Ex-Gaussian outcome measures revealed that stimulant medication slows RT and reduces RT variability. CONCLUSIONS: This demonstrates the importance of including analytic strategies that can accurately model the actual distributional pattern, including the positive skew. Further, the results of the study relate to several theoretical models of ADHD.
BACKGROUND: While studies have increasingly investigated deficits in reaction time (RT) and RT variability in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few studies have examined the effects of stimulant medication on these important neuropsychological outcome measures. METHODS: 316 children who participated in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) completed the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) at the 24-month assessment point. Outcome measures included standard CPT outcomes (e.g., errors of commission, mean hit reaction time (RT)) and RT indicators derived from an Ex-Gaussian distributional model (i.e., mu, sigma, and tau). RESULTS: Analyses revealed significant effects of medication across all neuropsychological outcome measures. Results on the Ex-Gaussian outcome measures revealed that stimulant medication slows RT and reduces RT variability. CONCLUSIONS: This demonstrates the importance of including analytic strategies that can accurately model the actual distributional pattern, including the positive skew. Further, the results of the study relate to several theoretical models of ADHD.
Authors: Matthew Ryan; Rebecca Martin; Martha B Denckla; Stewart H Mostofsky; E Mark Mahone Journal: J Int Neuropsychol Soc Date: 2009-12-11 Impact factor: 2.892
Authors: Sarah V Spencer; Larry W Hawk; Jerry B Richards; Keri Shiels; William E Pelham; James G Waxmonsky Journal: J Abnorm Child Psychol Date: 2009-08
Authors: Marieke E Altink; Dorine I E Slaats-Willemse; Nanda N J Rommelse; Cathelijne J M Buschgens; Ellen A Fliers; Alejandro Arias-Vásquez; Xiaohui Xu; Barbara Franke; Joseph A Sergeant; Stephen V Faraone; Jan K Buitelaar Journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2009-03-14 Impact factor: 4.785