Chemical characterization of stress-induced vascular coating in tomato.

Indirect evidence suggests that vascular coatings formed by plants in response to stress consist of suberin-like substances containing lipid and phenolic compounds. To provide more direct chemical evidence that coatings are suberin, we used a natural pathogen, Verticillium albo-atrum, or a stress-responsive hormone, abscisic acid, to induce coating in two isolines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cultivar Craigella) that are resistant or susceptible to the pathogen. Using treated petioles that had been monitored cytologically, chemical depolymerization followed by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of alkane-alpha,omega-diol levels confirmed the presence of suberin after induction of coating and showed quantitative differences between the isolines that correlated with cytological measurements of the coating response. Northern analysis of suberization-associated anionic peroxidase mRNA showed corresponding increases, and tissue blot analysis further indicated that induction of the mRNA was localized in the responding vascular bundles, as determined by suberin histochemistry. Taken together, these results provide chemical evidence that the coatings are mainly suberin.