Abscisic Aldehyde Is an Intermediate in the Enzymatic Conversion of Xanthoxin to Abscisic Acid in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Leaves.

The enzymatic conversion of xanthoxin to abscisic acid by cell-free extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris L. leaves has been found to be a two-step reaction catalyzed by two different enzymes. Xanthoxin was first converted to abscisic aldehyde followed by conversion of the latter to abscisic acid. The enzyme activity catalyzing the synthesis of abscisic aldehyde from xanthoxin (xanthoxin oxidase) was present in cell-free leaf extracts from both wild type and the abscisic acid-deficient molybdopterin cofactor mutant, Az34 (nar2a) of Hordeum vulgare L. However, the enzyme activity catalyzing the synthesis of abscisic acid from abscisic aldehyde (abscisic aldehyde oxidase) was present only in extracts of the wild type and no activity could be detected in either turgid or water stressed leaf extracts of the Az34 mutant. Furthermore, the wilty tomato mutants, sitiens and flacca, which do not accumulate abscisic acid in response to water stress, have been shown to lack abscisic aldehyde oxidase activity. When this enzyme fraction was isolated from leaf extracts of P. vulgaris L. and added to extracts prepared from sitiens and flacca, xanthoxin was converted to abscisic acid. Abscisic aldehyde oxidase has been purified about 145-fold from P. vulgaris L. leaves. It exhibited optimum catalytic activity at pH 7.25 in potassium phosphate buffer.