Sink removal and leaf senescence in soybean : cultivar effects.

Three cultivars of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cvs Harper, McCall, and Maple Amber) were grown in the field and kept continuously deflowered throughout the normal seedfill period. For all cultivars, deflowering led to delayed leaf abscission and a slower rate of chlorophyll loss. Compared to control plants, photosynthesis and ribulose 1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) level declined slightly faster for deflowered Harper, but for both McCall and Maple Amber, leaves of deflowered plants maintained approximately 20% of maximum photosynthesis and Rubisco level 1 month after control plants had senesced. Deflowering led to decreased leaf N remobilization and increased starch accumulation for all cultivars, but cultivars differed in that for McCall and Maple Amber, N and starch concentrations slowly but steadily declined over time whereas for Harper, N and starch concentrations remained essentially constant over time. SDS-PAGE of leaf proteins indicated that for all cultivars, deflowering led to accumulation of four polypeptides (80, 54, 29, and 27 kilodaltons). Western analysis using antisera prepared against the 29 and 27 kilodalton polypeptides verified that these polypeptides were the glycoproteins previously reported to accumulate in vacuoles of paraveinal mesophyll cells of depodded soybean plants. The results indicated that depending on the cultivar, sink removal can lead to either slightly faster or markedly slower loss of photosynthesis and Rubisco. This difference, however, was not associated with the ability to synthesize leaf storage proteins. For any particular cultivar, declines in chlorophyll, photosynthesis, and Rubisco were initiated at approximately the same time for control and deflowered plants. Thus, even though cultivars differed in rate of decay of photosynthetic rate and Rubisco level in response to sink removal, the initiation of leaf senescence was not influenced by presence or absence of developing fruits.