Secretion of alpha-amylase by the aleurone layer and the scutellum of germinating barley grain.

alpha-Amylase activities in extracts of different parts of barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Himalaya) were low after 1 day of germination at 20 degrees C, but they began to increase afterwards. In the scutellum and the aleurone layer, the increases were small, but in the starchy endosperm a great increase took place between days 1 and 6.When the aleurone layers were separated from germinating whole grains and incubated in 10 millimolar CaCl(2), the alpha-amylase activity in the medium increased linearly for about 30 to 60 minutes, indicating secretion. The activity inside the aleurone layer decreased only slightly during the incubation, indicating that secretion of alpha-amylase was accompanied by synthesis. The rates of secretion in vitro by the aleurone layers separated at different stages of germination corresponded rather well to the rate of accumulation of alpha-amylase activity in the starchy endosperm in a whole grain.Scutella separated after 1 day of germination released small amounts of alpha-amylase activity into 10 millimolar CaCl(2). This release was linear for at least 1 hour and did not occur at 0 degrees C; it is therefore likely to be due to secretion. At later stages of germination, the secretion by the scutella was slower than at day 1 and the total secretion accounted for only 5 to 10% of the increase of alpha-amylase activity in the starchy endosperm in a whole grain.Since the times from the separation of the parts of the grain to the beginning of the secretion assay (10-40 minutes) as well as the duration of the assay itself (20-60 minutes) were short, the rates of secretion by the separated grain parts are likely to represent those in an intact grain. The results indicate therefore that at least in the conditions used the bulk of the total alpha-amylase in the starchy endosperm is secreted by the aleurone layer, the contribution by the scutellum being only 5 to 10% of the total activity.