Hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of flavonols by intact spinach chloroplasts.

Externally added quercetin (100 micromolar) was oxidized by intact spinach chloroplasts at a rate of 30 micromoles per mg chlorophyll per hour in the presence of 100 micromolar H(2)O(2). The oxidation rate was increased by about 20% in a hypotonic reaction mixture. The thylakoid fraction also oxidized the flavonol in the presence of H(2)O(2), and the rate was about 25% of that by intact chloroplasts. The oxidation of quercetin was inhibited by KCN and NaN(3). Ascorbate, which permeates slowly across chloroplast envelope, only slightly suppressed the initial rate of quercetin oxidation by intact chloroplasts, while the oxidation by ruptured chloroplasts was suppressed by ascorbate by about 60%. Quercetin glycosides, quercitrin and rutin, were also oxidized by chloroplasts in the presence of H(2)O(2). These results suggest that flavonols are oxidized by peroxidase-like activity in chloroplasts and that externally added flavonols can permeate into the stroma through the envelope of intact chloroplasts.