Manipulating the incorporation of [1-C]acetate into different leaf glycerolipids in several plant species.

During short term labeling of expanding leaves of seven plant species with [1-(14)C]acetate, 35 to 64% of the label incorporated into lipids was found in phosphatidylcholine and 5 to 24% in phosphatidylglycerol. In pumpkin, sunflower, broad bean, and maize, only 4 to 12% of the label was found in diacylgalactosylglycerol, but in tomato, parsley, and spinach, the proportion was 17 to 31%. The latter group was further distinguished by having diacylgalactosylglycerol containing C16:3.The proportions of total incorporated [1-(14)C]acetate entering the lipids could be manipulated in a predictable manner. Phosphatidylcholine labeling was depressed by treating intact leaves with glycerol or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or by incubating leaf discs in vitro. An associated increase in phosphatidylglycerol labeling occurred within the first group of plants, whereas an increase in labeling of either diacylgalactosylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, or sulfolipid occurred within the second group. Treating intact leaves with glycerol or incubating leaf discs in vitro was shown to elevate cellular concentrations of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.These results have been interpreted in terms of the two-pathway hypothesis for glycerolipid biosynthesis, in which it is proposed that phosphatidylcholine is synthesized via a different pathway (eukaryotic) to that for synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol (prokaryotic). Both pathways may contribute toward the synthesis of diacylgalactosylglycerol, with the contribution of each being assessed from the proportion of hexadecatrienoic acid found in the particular plant.