Intracellular Localization of Two Enzymes Involved in Coumarin Biosynthesis in Melilotus alba.

The localization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [EC 4.3.1.5] within sweet clover (Melilotus alba) leaves was investigated. Apical buds and axillary leaves contained 15 to 30 times more enzyme activity than did mature leaves. Mesophyll protoplasts were prepared by digesting young leaves with Cellulysin and Macerase and were gently ruptured yielding intact chloroplasts. These chloroplast preparations exhibited neither phenylalanine ammonia-lyase nor o-coumaric acid O-glucosyltransferase activities. The general enzymic properties of sweet clover leaf phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were similar to those described for this enzyme isolated from other plant species. The conversion of l-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid, which occurred at an optimum pH of about 8.7, was strongly inhibited by the metabolites trans-cinnamic and o-coumaric acids. In contrast, o-coumaric acid glucoside, coumarin, p-coumaric acid, and melilotic acid had no significant effect on the reaction rate.