Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Lupin Root Nodules: I. Characterization, Association with Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase, and Correlation with Nitrogen Fixation during Nodule Development.

In vivo CO(2) fixation and in vitro phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase levels have been measured in lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) root nodules of various ages. Both activities were greater in nodule tissue than in either primary or secondary root tissue, and increased about 3-fold with the onset of N(2) fixation. PEP carboxylase activity was predominantly located in the bacteroid-containing zone of mature nodules, but purified bacteroids contained no activity. Partially purified PEP carboxylases from nodules, roots, and leaves were identical in a number of kinetic parameters. Both in vivo CO(2) fixation activity and in vitro PEP carboxylase activity were significantly correlated with nodule acetylene reduction activity during nodule development. The maximum rate of in vivo CO(2) fixation in mature nodules was 7.9 nmol hour(-1) mg fresh weight(-1), similar to rates of N(2) fixation and reported values for amino acid translocation.The results suggest that the oxaloacetete used as the primary "carbon skeleton" acceptor for ammonia assimilation and amino acid synthesis in lupin nodules is provided via the PEP carboxylase reaction rather than through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The source of PEP is presumably glycolysis, while the major source of CO(2) is inferred to be respiration.