Sites of auxin action: regulation of geotropism, growth, and ethylene production by inhibitors of auxin transport.

The inhibitors of auxin transport-NPA (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid), DPX1840 (3,3a-dihydro-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-8H-pyrazolo[5,1-a] isoindol-8-one), and TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid)-inhibited geotropism in roots of intact Pisum sativum L. seedlings. NPA and DPX1840 also caused cellular swelling in the roots. The swelling was due to a greater inhibition of elongation than increase in weight and looked identical to the one caused by ethylene. However, ethylene did not act as an intermediate in the action of auxin transport inhibitors because all three failed to stimulate ethylene production and some of their growth-inhibiting effect was retained in the presence of saturating levels of ethylene. In the presence of 10 mum indoleacetic acid the growth-inhibiting effect of auxin transport inhibitors was lost after 18 hours. On the other hand, auxin transport inhibitors did not interfere with the ability of auxin to promote ethylene production. Growth inhibition caused by auxin transport inhibitors was reversible. Pea root sections resumed normal growth following flushing of treated sections with inhibitor-free solutions. Experiments with (14)C-2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid revealed that the herbicide and auxin transport inhibitors may have the same binding site. It was concluded that a class of structurally dissimilar compounds may share a similar physiological role since they all appear to compete with endogenous auxin for certain binding sites and they all have similar growth-regulating activities.