Photosynthetic action spectra of trees: I. Comparative photosynthetic action spectra of one deciduous and four coniferous tree species as related to photorespiration and pigment complements.

Comparative isoenergetic action spectra of net photosynthesis for intact, current year foliage of five tree species were determined from 400 to 710 nm by CO(2) exchange analysis. The blue (400 to 500 nm) peak of net photosynthetic activity for the green broadleaves of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) was reduced to a plateau for the green needle-leaves of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.), a shoulder for the blue-green needles of Colorado spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), and a reduced shoulder for the blue-white needles of Blue spruce (Picea pungens var. hoospii). These differences were attributable neither to a differential blue light stimulation of photorespiration nor to a differential presence of a nonplastid screening pigment. The conifers all had similar carotenoid-chlorophyll ratios, with approximately 50% more carotenoid relative to chlorophyll as compared to red alder. Blue light absorption and low efficiency of energy transfer by the carotenoids probably accounts for the low net photosynthetic activity of the green conifers in blue light as compared to red alder. Leaf form per se (broad versus needle) had no distinguishable influence on these results.