BACKGROUND: Carriage of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Infant vaccination has been effective in preventing horizontal transmission during early childhood. It is unknown whether protection is maintained into early adulthood. METHODS: In 1984, early childhood vaccination was introduced in 2 rural Gambian villages. In 2003, serological assessment of 81.5% of 1,350 eligible participants 1-24 years old was done, to determine vaccine efficacy against infection and carriage. RESULTS: Overall vaccine efficacy against infection and carriage was 83.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.8%-86.6%) and 96.5% (85% CI, 93.9%-98.9%), respectively. Vaccine efficacy against infection was similar when restricted to primary responders (85.3%), but a significant effect of peak antibody concentration was found. Both vaccine efficacy and levels of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) decreased with age, resulting in a vaccine efficacy against infection and carriage among 20-24-year-old participants of 70.9% (95% CI, 60.4%-80.5%) and 91.1% (95% CI, 75.8%-100%), respectively. Fifteen years after vaccination, fewer than half of the vaccinees had detectable anti-HBs. The prevalence of carriage in the unvaccinated population was similar to the prevalence 20 years earlier. CONCLUSIONS: HBV vaccination early during life can provide long-lasting protection against carriage, despite decreasing antibody levels. The role played by subclinical boosting and the necessity of a booster need to be evaluated.
BACKGROUND: Carriage of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Infant vaccination has been effective in preventing horizontal transmission during early childhood. It is unknown whether protection is maintained into early adulthood. METHODS: In 1984, early childhood vaccination was introduced in 2 rural Gambian villages. In 2003, serological assessment of 81.5% of 1,350 eligible participants 1-24 years old was done, to determine vaccine efficacy against infection and carriage. RESULTS: Overall vaccine efficacy against infection and carriage was 83.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.8%-86.6%) and 96.5% (85% CI, 93.9%-98.9%), respectively. Vaccine efficacy against infection was similar when restricted to primary responders (85.3%), but a significant effect of peak antibody concentration was found. Both vaccine efficacy and levels of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) decreased with age, resulting in a vaccine efficacy against infection and carriage among 20-24-year-old participants of 70.9% (95% CI, 60.4%-80.5%) and 91.1% (95% CI, 75.8%-100%), respectively. Fifteen years after vaccination, fewer than half of the vaccinees had detectable anti-HBs. The prevalence of carriage in the unvaccinated population was similar to the prevalence 20 years earlier. CONCLUSIONS:HBV vaccination early during life can provide long-lasting protection against carriage, despite decreasing antibody levels. The role played by subclinical boosting and the necessity of a booster need to be evaluated.
Authors: Nimzing G Ladep; Olufunmilayo A Lesi; Pantong Mark; Maud Lemoine; Charles Onyekwere; Mary Afihene; Mary Me Crossey; Simon D Taylor-Robinson Journal: World J Hepatol Date: 2014-11-27
Authors: Iman I Salama; Samia M Sami; Zeinab Nabil Ahmed Said; Manal H El-Sayed; Lobna A El Etreby; Thanaa M Rabah; Dalia M Elmosalami; Amany T Abdel Hamid; Somaia I Salama; Aida M Abdel Mohsen; Hanaa M Emam; Safaa M Elserougy; Amal I Hassanain; Naglaa F Abd Alhalim; Fatma A Shaaban; Samia A Hemeda; Nihad A Ibrahim; Ammal M Metwally Journal: World J Hepatol Date: 2015-10-08
Authors: L Roznovsky; I Orsagova; A Kloudova; J Tvrdik; L Kabieszova; I Lochman; J Mrazek; L Hozakova; A Zjevikova; L Pliskova Journal: Infection Date: 2010-06-30 Impact factor: 3.553
Authors: Hartono Gunardi; Melanie Y Iskandar; Susan I Ie; Pramita G Dwipoerwantoro; Rino A Gani; David H Muljono Journal: Hepatol Int Date: 2016-09-13 Impact factor: 6.047