Some haematological parameters in plasmodial parasitized HIV-infected Nigerians.

BACKGROUND: Nigeria is highly burdened by malaria and HIV-infection, yet researchers know little about the impact of this co-infection on the haematological profile of HIV-infected adult Nigerians. This case control study is an attempt to investigate the effect that HIV/malaria co-infection has on some haematological parameters of HIV-infected Nigerians.
METHODS: Complete blood count (CBC) of 30 plasmodium parasitized HIV-infected subjects and 70 non-parasitized controls were studied.
RESULTS: Of the 30 parasitized subjects, 28 (93.3%) were positive for falciparum malaria and 2 (6.7%) for vivax malaria. The incidence of anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and leucopenia were significantly higher in parasitized subjects compared to non-parasitized controls 66.7%, 60%, 36.7% and 63.3% versus 32.9%, 42.9%, 24.3% and 24.3% respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between the haemoglobin, platelet count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of parasitized and non- parasitized individuals (p < 0.05) respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between the level of parasitaemia and anaemia (r = 0.37, p < 0.04) in parasitized subjects. The incidence of anaemia was two times higher in parasitized subjects compared to non-parasitized controls (66.7% versus 32.9%). Red cell morphology showed a normocytic and normochromic picture in 40% and 67.1% of parasitized and non- parasitized individuals respectively. Microcytic, hypochromic picture was observed in 60% and 23% respectively in parasitized and non- parasitized individuals. Striking eosinophilia was seen in 5 (16.7%) of parasitized and 3 (4.3%) of non-parasitized individuals.
CONCLUSION: Incidence of cytopenia appear significantly higher in parasitized subjects compared to non-parasitized control and bring to bare the need for regular anti-malaria prophylaxis for HIV-infected patients particularly in Nigeria.