Acute renal failure after liver transplantation: incidence, etiology, therapy, and outcome.

Acute renal failure (ARF) was a frequent complication after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) when ARF was defined by a calculated glomerular filtration rate decrease of >50% or by a doubled serum creatinine above 2.5 mg/dL within the first week after OLT. We analyzed 1352 liver transplant recipients in retrospective fashion with regard to the incidence, etiology, therapy, and outcome of ARF; 162 patients developed ARF within the first week after OLT (12%), among whom 157 patients (97%) were recompensated by postoperative day 28. Altogether 52 patients (32%) received an average of 6 hemodialysis treatments, excluding the 5 patients (3%) who developed end-stage renal failure. Risk factors for this complication included hepatorenal syndrome type II, a glomerular filtration rate of <50 mL/min, and a diagnosis of hepatitis C.