Harnessing endophytes for industrial microbiology.

Endophytic microorganisms exist within the living tissues of most plant species. They are most abundant in rainforest plants. Novel endophytes usually have associated with them novel secondary natural products and/or processes. Muscodor is a novel endophytic fungal genus that produces bioactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This fungus, as well as its VOCs, has enormous potential for uses in agriculture, industry and medicine. Muscodor albus produces a mixture of VOCs that act synergistically to kill a wide variety of plant and human pathogenic fungi and bacteria. This mixture of gases consists primarily of various alcohols, acids, esters, ketones and lipids. Artificial mixtures of the VOCs mimic the biological effects of the fungal VOCs when tested against a wide range of fungal and bacterial pathogens. Many practical applications for 'mycofumigation' by M. albus have been investigated and the fungus is now in the market place.