Promoting clinical reasoning in undergraduate nursing students: application and evaluation of the Outcome Present State Test (OPT) model of clinical reasoning.

Promoting clinical reasoning in undergraduate nursing students through application of the Outcome Present State Test (OPT) Model of Clinical Reasoning, is a challenge that can be successfully managed through effective teaching-learning strategies. Empirical evidence to support teaching strategies that foster both cognitive and metacognitive skill acquisition is limited. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the development of clinical reasoning skills among nursing students through the application and evaluation of teaching-learning strategies associated with self-regulated learning and the OPT model (Pesut & Herman, 1998; 1999; Pesut, 2004). The model and self-regulated learning prompts were used to structure learning with junior level baccalaureate nursing students during a ten-week, medical-surgical clinical experience in acute care telemetry units. Data analysis revealed students effectively made gains in learning associated with the OPT model. Qualitative analysis of self-regulated learning prompt journal data revealed students made significant gains in self-observation, self-judgment, knowledge work and use of health care personnel resources during clinical experiences. Results indicated the intentional use of guided reflection coupled with structure and learning tools of the OPT model significantly enhanced clinical reasoning skill acquisition, and provided evidence for the effectiveness of structured teaching learning strategies.