Metabolic changes of Malvasia grapes for wine production during postharvest drying.

Malvasia (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes were harvested at 17.8% of soluble solids content (SSC) and placed inside an innovative dehydration room where temperature, relative humidity, and air flow were maintained, respectively, at 15 degrees C, 40%, and 1-1.5 m s(-1). Weight loss of bunches reached approximately 33% in 29 days. SSC increased inversely proportionally with the weight decrease, reaching at the end of experiment 23%. Abscisic acid (ABA) increased rapidly from around 29 to 80 microg g(-1) of dry weight at 11.7% of bunch weight loss and then declined gradually. Lipoxygenase (LOX) showed the same behavior as ABA, whereas alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), read in the way of ethanol oxidation, increased continuously when the weight loss reached approximately 19.5%. In parallel with the activity of LOX, C6 compound [hexanal, hex-1-enol, (E)-hex-2-enal] concentrations reached a peak at 11.7% of weight loss, whereas ethanol and acetaldehyde increased with the increase of ADH and successively decrease and ethyl acetate increased. Proline increased initially as ABA and successively with the increase of ADH, 5.3-fold increase versus 4.2-fold increase of proteins. Postharvest dehydration of Malvasia grapes shows a biphasic pattern: a first metabolic stress response up to 11.7% of bunch weight loss and a second stress response beyond 19.5% of weight loss. The metabolic mechanism of these postharvest water stress responses is discussed.