Surgical treatment of amalgam fillings causing iatrogenic sinusitis.

Iatrogenic maxillary sinusitis is a rare disease entity that can be fatal if not managed. Thirteen patients (five men and eight women) were referred to our clinic because of chronic iatrogenic maxillary sinusitis. Eight patients presented with a left-side maxillary sinusitis, four patients presented with right-side maxillary sinusitis, and one patient presented with right-side pan sinusitis. The sinusitis was caused by the intrusion of amalgam filling during root treatment of teeth. All of the patients were treated surgically with a Caldwell-Luc approach. In 12 patients, the amalgam was removed with the infected and inflamed maxillary mucosa. In one patient, the amalgam could not be removed with the Caldwell-Luc technique because it was in the deeper part of the root of the molar tooth. Histologic examination revealed four cases of aspergillosis; three cases of papillary and polypoid sinusitis; three cases of nonspecific pseudo-polypoid sinusitis; two cases of hyperplasic polypoid sinusitis; and one case of catarrhal sinusitis. All patients were relieved of their complaints that were related to sinusitis. Radiologically, the maxillary sinuses were clean 1 month after Caldwell-Luc intervention. Iatrogenic maxillary sinusitis should be considered a serious infection. A smear should be taken whenever a foreign body is intruded into the sinus. Foreign bodies can get jammed in the posterior wall of the sinus and can provoke chronic sinusitis with a risk intracranial extension. Hence, the disease should be managed surgically without delay. Furthermore, dentists should be cautious with dental amalgam filling.