Tactics for counteracting staff apathy and hopelessness on a psychiatric unit.

In summary, then, the five following tactics are minimally demanding, and can provide high rewards in the battle against apathy and hopelessness on a psychiatric ward. 1. Identifying social system mechanisms. 2. Validating perceptions of ward happenings with a trusted other. 3. Giving (and hopefully receiving) "informational-support." 4. Using physical presence or being highly visible. 5. Chatting informally with other staff members.