BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Functional MR imaging (fMRI) is playing an important role in investigations of cortical development and maturation. Functional MR imaging in young children or infants frequently involves measuring a clinical population under sedation or anesthesia. We examined the effect of depth of anesthesia on the extent and amplitude of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response. METHOD: We performed BOLD-based fMRI on a visual stimulus flickering at 8 Hz at sevoflurane concentrations of 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), 0.75 MAC, and 1.0 MAC, on 16 children at least 5 years of age. We determined the extent of activation by counting the number of activated voxels and assessed the change in the local deoxyhemoglobin concentration by comparing DeltaR2*. RESULTS: The number of activated voxels of the positive BOLD response was higher at 0.75 MAC than at 0.5 MAC or 1.0 MAC. The magnitude of their mean DeltaR2* steadily declined as the level of sevoflurane was increased from 0.5 MAC to 1.0 MAC. The extent of activation of the negative BOLD response declined progressively from 0.5 MAC to 1.0 MAC. The magnitude of their mean amplitude of the DeltaR2* did not change with sevoflurane concentrations. The change in the extent of activation and the magnitude of DeltaR2* when the concentration of sevoflurane increased from 0.5 MAC to 0.75 MAC was due to its vasodilative property. The change in the extent of activation and the amplitude of DeltaR2* following the increase in the concentration of sevoflurane from 0.75 MAC and 1.0 MAC was due to its anesthetic property. This was the case for both the positive and negative BOLD response. CONCLUSIONS: Careful adjustment of anesthetic depth can be used advantageously when performing BOLD-based fMRI measurements in children.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Functional MR imaging (fMRI) is playing an important role in investigations of cortical development and maturation. Functional MR imaging in young children or infants frequently involves measuring a clinical population under sedation or anesthesia. We examined the effect of depth of anesthesia on the extent and amplitude of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response. METHOD: We performed BOLD-based fMRI on a visual stimulus flickering at 8 Hz at sevoflurane concentrations of 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), 0.75 MAC, and 1.0 MAC, on 16 children at least 5 years of age. We determined the extent of activation by counting the number of activated voxels and assessed the change in the local deoxyhemoglobin concentration by comparing DeltaR2*. RESULTS: The number of activated voxels of the positive BOLD response was higher at 0.75 MAC than at 0.5 MAC or 1.0 MAC. The magnitude of their mean DeltaR2* steadily declined as the level of sevoflurane was increased from 0.5 MAC to 1.0 MAC. The extent of activation of the negative BOLD response declined progressively from 0.5 MAC to 1.0 MAC. The magnitude of their mean amplitude of the DeltaR2* did not change with sevoflurane concentrations. The change in the extent of activation and the magnitude of DeltaR2* when the concentration of sevoflurane increased from 0.5 MAC to 0.75 MAC was due to its vasodilative property. The change in the extent of activation and the amplitude of DeltaR2* following the increase in the concentration of sevoflurane from 0.75 MAC and 1.0 MAC was due to its anesthetic property. This was the case for both the positive and negative BOLD response. CONCLUSIONS: Careful adjustment of anesthetic depth can be used advantageously when performing BOLD-based fMRI measurements in children.
Authors: Steve M Liao; Nick M Gregg; Brian R White; Benjamin W Zeff; Katelin A Bjerkaas; Terrie E Inder; Joseph P Culver Journal: J Biomed Opt Date: 2010 Mar-Apr Impact factor: 3.170
Authors: Scott M Barb; Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo; Matthew W Wilson; Nicholas S Phillips; Ping Zou; Matthew A Scoggins; Yimei Li; Ibrahim Qaddoumi; Kathleen J Helton; George Bikhazi; Barrett G Haik; Robert J Ogg Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2011-04-20 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: George M Ibrahim; Daniel Cassel; Benjamin R Morgan; Mary Lou Smith; Hiroshi Otsubo; Ayako Ochi; Margot Taylor; James T Rutka; O Carter Snead; Sam Doesburg Journal: Brain Date: 2014-08-07 Impact factor: 13.501