Human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene structure and induction by dioxin.

The human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene, 1850 base pairs (bp) of the 5' flanking region, and 67 bp of the 3' flanking region have been sequenced. The human NQO1 gene is approximately 20 kb in length and has six exons interrupted by five introns. The start site of transcription was determined by primer extension analysis. The first exon is 118 bp in length and codes for two amino acids including the initiating methionine and one G for the first codon of the second exon. The sixth exon is the largest among the exons and is 1833 bp in length. The sequence analysis of the sixth exon revealed the presence of four potential polyadenylation signal sequences (AATAAA) and a single copy of human Alu repetitive sequence. The second intron is the smallest of all the introns (116 bp). Nuclear run-on experiments performed using nuclei isolated from 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) treated and untreated human hepatoblastoma (Hep-G2) cells demonstrated that TCDD treatment increases the rate of transcription of endogenous NQO1 gene by 3-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)