AIM: The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of early treatment in severe traumatic brain injury by evaluating patients' survival and functional recovery. METHODS: We subdivided 184 patients into 2 groups (Group A: patients admitted to hospital within the first hour of injury; Group B: patients admitted after the first hour of injury). In order to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) >90 with cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) >70 mmHg, we used plasma expanders; in 76 patients with MAP >90 mmHg, we administered dopamine, and in 5 cases noradrenaline. In 157 patients we used mechanical ventilation (MV). For orotracheal intubation and sedation/analgesia, we administered: propofol (a bolus of 2 mg/kg+1 mg/kg/h)+midazolam (0.03 mg/kg/h) + cisatracurium besilate (0.2 mg/kg) in 113 patients, or thiopentone sodium (a bolus of 4 mg/kg + 1-2 mg/kg/h)+cisatracurium besilate (0.2 mg/kg) in 44 patients with endocranial hypertension without bleeding and convulsions. After muscle relaxation we administered remifentanyl (0.075 microg/kg/min). Surgical decompression was performed in 57 cases. Data were analysed with Student's t-test. RESULTS: The number of deaths was significantly lower in Group A (P<0.05): 9 patients from Group A and 21 patients from Group B died within 24 h (P<0.05), while 15 patients from Group A and 16 patients from Group B died after the first 24 h period. After the recovery of critical life functions, 53 patients from Group A and 34 patients from Group B were transferred to a medical ward (P<0.0001), while 15 patients from Group A and 21 patients from Group B were transferred to a rehabilitation facility (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prevention, early treatment of complications and maintenance of homeostasis lead to a better prognosis in terms of survival, functional recovery and to a reduction in economic and social costs.
AIM: The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of early treatment in severe traumatic brain injury by evaluating patients' survival and functional recovery. METHODS: We subdivided 184 patients into 2 groups (Group A: patients admitted to hospital within the first hour of injury; Group B: patients admitted after the first hour of injury). In order to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) >90 with cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) >70 mmHg, we used plasma expanders; in 76 patients with MAP >90 mmHg, we administered dopamine, and in 5 cases noradrenaline. In 157 patients we used mechanical ventilation (MV). For orotracheal intubation and sedation/analgesia, we administered: propofol (a bolus of 2 mg/kg+1 mg/kg/h)+midazolam (0.03 mg/kg/h) + cisatracurium besilate (0.2 mg/kg) in 113 patients, or thiopentone sodium (a bolus of 4 mg/kg + 1-2 mg/kg/h)+cisatracurium besilate (0.2 mg/kg) in 44 patients with endocranial hypertension without bleeding and convulsions. After muscle relaxation we administered remifentanyl (0.075 microg/kg/min). Surgical decompression was performed in 57 cases. Data were analysed with Student's t-test. RESULTS: The number of deaths was significantly lower in Group A (P<0.05): 9 patients from Group A and 21 patients from Group B died within 24 h (P<0.05), while 15 patients from Group A and 16 patients from Group B died after the first 24 h period. After the recovery of critical life functions, 53 patients from Group A and 34 patients from Group B were transferred to a medical ward (P<0.0001), while 15 patients from Group A and 21 patients from Group B were transferred to a rehabilitation facility (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prevention, early treatment of complications and maintenance of homeostasis lead to a better prognosis in terms of survival, functional recovery and to a reduction in economic and social costs.