Diabetes and 30-day mortality from peptic ulcer bleeding and perforation: a Danish population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes may influence the outcome of complicated peptic ulcer disease, due to angiopathy, blurring of symptoms, and increased risk of sepsis. We examined whether diabetes increased 30-day mortality among Danish patients hospitalized with bleeding or perforated peptic ulcers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This population-based cohort study took place in the three Danish counties of North Jutland, Viborg, and Aarhus between 1991 and 2003. Patients hospitalized with a first-time diagnosis of peptic ulcer bleeding or perforation were identified using the counties' hospital discharge registries. Data on diabetes, other comorbidities, and use of ulcer-associated drugs were obtained from discharge registries and prescription databases. The Danish Civil Registry System allowed complete follow-up for mortality. The outcome under study was 30-day mortality in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients, adjusted for potential confounders.
RESULTS: We identified 7,232 patients hospitalized for bleeding ulcers, of whom 731 (10.1%) had diabetes. The 30-day mortality among diabetic patients was 16.6 vs. 10.1% for other patients with bleeding ulcers. The adjusted 30-day mortality rate ratio (MRR) for diabetic patients was 1.40 (95% CI 1.15-1.70). We also identified 2,061 patients with perforated ulcers, of whom 140 (6.8%) had diabetes. The 30-day mortality among diabetic patients was 42.9 vs. 24.0% in other patients with perforated ulcers, corresponding to an adjusted 30-day MRR of 1.51 (1.15-1.98).
CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with peptic ulcer bleeding and perforation, diabetes appears to be associated with substantially increased short-term mortality.