Hawley E Montgomery-Downs1, David Gozal. 1. Department of Psychology, West Virginia University; Morgantown, WV 26506-6040, USA. Hawley.Montgomery-Downs@mail.wvu.edu
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Snoring affects biobehavioral development among preschool and early school-age children. The goals of the present study were to survey the parents of a large community sample of infants and young toddlers to evaluate (a) naturalistic sleep duration and location; (b) snoring prevalence; and (c) demographic measures and sleep behaviors related to the presence of snoring either 2 or >or=3 days/week. METHODS: Questionnaires were completed by parents of children ages 2 weeks to 2 years attending well-baby checkups and were also mailed to the homes of six-month-old infants. RESULTS: Data from 944 children were available for analyses. No age differences were reported for total sleep duration, co-sleeping, or snoring. Average daily sleep duration was 12.5+/-1.8h (standard deviation (SD)), with daytime naps accounting for an increased proportion of total sleep duration among younger infants. Co-sleeping was reported by 15% of families. Snoring 2 days/week was reported in 11.8% and> days/week in 5.3% of participants. Survey items indicating risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) clustered into factors related to the child, their environment, and their family; restless sleep was exclusively related to snoring 2 days/week and ethnicity, sweating during sleep, and noisy breathing exclusive to snoring >or=3 days/week. CONCLUSIONS: Young infants appear to sleep less than currently recommended. Co-sleeping is relatively common and not age-dependent through the first 2 years of life. Items relating to the child's sleep behaviors, environment, and parents' perceptions were predictive of positive report of snoring, with snoring rates consistent with a significant risk for SDB being similar to those reported for older children.
INTRODUCTION: Snoring affects biobehavioral development among preschool and early school-age children. The goals of the present study were to survey the parents of a large community sample of infants and young toddlers to evaluate (a) naturalistic sleep duration and location; (b) snoring prevalence; and (c) demographic measures and sleep behaviors related to the presence of snoring either 2 or >or=3 days/week. METHODS: Questionnaires were completed by parents of children ages 2 weeks to 2 years attending well-baby checkups and were also mailed to the homes of six-month-old infants. RESULTS: Data from 944 children were available for analyses. No age differences were reported for total sleep duration, co-sleeping, or snoring. Average daily sleep duration was 12.5+/-1.8h (standard deviation (SD)), with daytime naps accounting for an increased proportion of total sleep duration among younger infants. Co-sleeping was reported by 15% of families. Snoring 2 days/week was reported in 11.8% and> days/week in 5.3% of participants. Survey items indicating risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) clustered into factors related to the child, their environment, and their family; restless sleep was exclusively related to snoring 2 days/week and ethnicity, sweating during sleep, and noisy breathing exclusive to snoring >or=3 days/week. CONCLUSIONS: Young infants appear to sleep less than currently recommended. Co-sleeping is relatively common and not age-dependent through the first 2 years of life. Items relating to the child's sleep behaviors, environment, and parents' perceptions were predictive of positive report of snoring, with snoring rates consistent with a significant risk for SDB being similar to those reported for older children.
Authors: Phyllis C Zee; M Safwan Badr; Clete Kushida; Janet M Mullington; Allan I Pack; Sairam Parthasarathy; Susan Redline; Ronald S Szymusiak; James K Walsh; Nathaniel F Watson Journal: Sleep Date: 2014-02-01 Impact factor: 5.849
Authors: Nira A Goldstein; Tehila Abramowitz; Jeremy Weedon; Bernard Koliskor; Stephen Turner; Emanuela Taioli Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2011-04-15 Impact factor: 4.062