BACKGROUND: A survey of malaria antibodies was carried out over 7 years and a total of 777 serum samples from wild monkeys were collected in three distinct ecological areas of Brazil where autochthonous malaria has been reported: the 'Cerrado' (similar to savanna), the Atlantic Forest and the Atlantic Semideciduous Forest. METHODS: We carried out enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate the presence of IgG antibodies against peptides of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) repeat region of 'classic'Plasmodium vivax, P. vivax VK247, human P. vivax-like/P. simiovale, P. brasilianum/P. malariae and P. falciparum. We also carried out immunofluorescence assay with asexual forms of P. vivax, P. malariae and P. falciparum. RESULTS: The high prevalence of antibodies against CSP in all areas indicates that the monkeys had intense contact with sporozoites from infected anophelines. The immune response against asexual forms of Plasmodium in the monkeys from the Atlantic Forest indicates the development of the infection. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the possibility of monkeys being malaria reservoirs in non-endemic areas.
BACKGROUND: A survey of malaria antibodies was carried out over 7 years and a total of 777 serum samples from wild monkeys were collected in three distinct ecological areas of Brazil where autochthonous malaria has been reported: the 'Cerrado' (similar to savanna), the Atlantic Forest and the Atlantic Semideciduous Forest. METHODS: We carried out enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate the presence of IgG antibodies against peptides of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) repeat region of 'classic'Plasmodium vivax, P. vivax VK247, humanP. vivax-like/P. simiovale, P. brasilianum/P. malariae and P. falciparum. We also carried out immunofluorescence assay with asexual forms of P. vivax, P. malariae and P. falciparum. RESULTS: The high prevalence of antibodies against CSP in all areas indicates that the monkeys had intense contact with sporozoites from infected anophelines. The immune response against asexual forms of Plasmodium in the monkeys from the Atlantic Forest indicates the development of the infection. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the possibility of monkeys being malaria reservoirs in non-endemic areas.
Authors: Gabriela Maíra Pereira de Assis; Denise Anete Madureira de Alvarenga; Matheus de Oliveira Costa Pereira; Juan Camilo Sánchez-Arcila; Anielle de Pina Costa; Júlio César de Souza Junior; Ana Julia Dutra Nunes; Alcides Pissinatti; Silvia Bahadian Moreira; Leticia de Menezes Torres; Helena Lott Costa; Herlandes da Penha Tinoco; Valéria do Socorro Pereira; Irene da Silva Soares; Taís Nóbrega de Sousa; Francis Babila Ntumngia; John H Adams; Flora Satiko Kano; Zelinda Maria Braga Hirano; Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro; Joseli Oliveira Ferreira; Luzia Helena Carvalho; Cristiana Ferreira Alves de Brito Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Date: 2021-05-13 Impact factor: 5.293
Authors: Ana Maria R C Duarte; Diego M Pereira; Marcia B de Paula; Aristides Fernandes; Paulo R Urbinatti; Andressa F Ribeiro; Maria Helena S H Mello; Marco O Matos; Luís F Mucci; Lícia N Fernandes; Delsio Natal; Rosely S Malafronte Journal: Parasit Vectors Date: 2013-03-07 Impact factor: 3.876
Authors: Peter Zeilhofer; Emerson Soares dos Santos; Ana L M Ribeiro; Rosina D Miyazaki; Marina Atanaka dos Santos Journal: Int J Health Geogr Date: 2007-03-07 Impact factor: 3.918