OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare three methods of apnea testing for the confirmation of brain death. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, crossover study. SETTING:Intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty adult patients requiring apnea testing for confirmation of brain death. INTERVENTIONS: Ten minute apnea testing was repeated in random order for every patient with the three oxygenation systems: oxygen catheter inserted through the endotracheal tube (oxygen 6 L/min), T-piece system (oxygen 12 L/min), and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system 10 cm H2O (oxygen 12 L/min). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Arterial blood was drawn at 0, 2, 5, and 10 mins of each test. Compared with baseline, Paco2 increased by 30.6 +/- 7.4, 30.0 +/- 7.3 and 30.2 +/- 7.5 mm Hg during the apnea period (p = .96), reaching 73.3 +/- 8.3, 71.6 +/- 11.1, and 72.7 +/- 9.0 mm Hg at the end of the apnea test (p = .73) for the oxygen catheter, the T-piece, and the CPAP, respectively. Pao2 decreased less with the CPAP compared with the oxygen catheter or the T-piece (-22.4 +/- 76, -99.1 +/- 158, and -91.6 +/- 133 mm Hg, respectively, p < .01). In two patients, apnea testing could not be completed with the oxygen catheter and the T-piece because of desaturation, although it could be completed with the CPAP. CONCLUSIONS: The T-piece and the CPAP systems are effective alternatives to the standard oxygen catheter technique for apnea testing. Oxygenation was best maintained with the CPAP system, which can be useful in some patients.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare three methods of apnea testing for the confirmation of brain death. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, crossover study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty adult patients requiring apnea testing for confirmation of brain death. INTERVENTIONS: Ten minute apnea testing was repeated in random order for every patient with the three oxygenation systems: oxygen catheter inserted through the endotracheal tube (oxygen 6 L/min), T-piece system (oxygen 12 L/min), and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system 10 cm H2O (oxygen 12 L/min). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Arterial blood was drawn at 0, 2, 5, and 10 mins of each test. Compared with baseline, Paco2 increased by 30.6 +/- 7.4, 30.0 +/- 7.3 and 30.2 +/- 7.5 mm Hg during the apnea period (p = .96), reaching 73.3 +/- 8.3, 71.6 +/- 11.1, and 72.7 +/- 9.0 mm Hg at the end of the apnea test (p = .73) for the oxygen catheter, the T-piece, and the CPAP, respectively. Pao2 decreased less with the CPAP compared with the oxygen catheter or the T-piece (-22.4 +/- 76, -99.1 +/- 158, and -91.6 +/- 133 mm Hg, respectively, p < .01). In two patients, apnea testing could not be completed with the oxygen catheter and the T-piece because of desaturation, although it could be completed with the CPAP. CONCLUSIONS: The T-piece and the CPAP systems are effective alternatives to the standard oxygen catheter technique for apnea testing. Oxygenation was best maintained with the CPAP system, which can be useful in some patients.
Authors: Glauco Adrieno Westphal; Valter Duro Garcia; Rafael Lisboa de Souza; Cristiano Augusto Franke; Kalinca Daberkow Vieira; Viviane Renata Zaclikevis Birckholz; Miriam Cristine Machado; Eliana Régia Barbosa de Almeida; Fernando Osni Machado; Luiz Antônio da Costa Sardinha; Raquel Wanzuita; Carlos Eduardo Soares Silvado; Gerson Costa; Vera Braatz; Milton Caldeira Filho; Rodrigo Furtado; Luana Alves Tannous; André Gustavo Neves de Albuquerque; Edson Abdala Journal: Rev Bras Ter Intensiva Date: 2016-09
Authors: RajaNandini Muralidharan; Farrah J Mateen; Russell T Shinohara; Gregory J Schears; Eelco F M Wijdicks Journal: Neurocrit Care Date: 2011-06 Impact factor: 3.210
Authors: Andreas H Kramer; Philippe Couillard; Ryan Bader; Peter Dhillon; Demetrios J Kutsogiannis; Christopher J Doig Journal: Neurocrit Care Date: 2017-08 Impact factor: 3.210