Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in human skeletal fracture healing.

This article identifies the underlying molecular events responsible for fracture nonunions in a subset of fracture patients. Expression profiling of fracture callus tissue from both uneventful fracture repair and nonunion outcomes showed a decrease of COX-2 expression and an inability to mount an immune response in nonunion fractures. Validation in vitro with Saos-2 osteoprogenitor cell lines showed a decrease in osteogenesis potential after the cells were treated with celecoxib, a COX-2 specific inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent. This article recapitulates that an initial immune response is crucial to fracture healing and suggests limited usage of COX-2 inhibitors in patients with healing fractures.