Gene Expression Analysis during Conidial Germ Tube and Appressorium Development in Colletotrichum trifolii.

Preinfection development in Colletotrichum spp. exhibits three morphologies (conidia, germ tubes, and appressoria) and is directed by a complex interplay of environmental signals. Germ tube morphogenesis for Colletotrichum trifolii and the related fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene was shown to be partially dependent on a balance between self-germination inhibitors and environmental nutrients or cutin. The degree of responsiveness to these environmental signals was strikingly different between the two fungal species. A solid contact surface stimulated germ tube morphogenesis and was the only apparent requirement for appressorium morphogenesis in both fungi. A population of C. trifolii conidia was incubated on a solid surface in the presence of cutin to stimulate nearly synchronous preinfection morphogenesis for gene expression analysis. RNA analysis of signal-transducing genes from C. trifolii, including genes for a serine-threonine kinase (TB3), calmodulin, and protein kinase C, showed that maximum transcription of all three genes occurred in conidia prior to or during germ tube morphogenesis. Transcription of melanin biosynthetic genes THR1 and SCD1 (Y. Kubo, Y. Takano, and I. Furusawa, Colletotrichum Newsl. II:5-10, 1996; N. S. Perpetua, Y. Kubo, N. Yasuda, Y. Takano, and I. Furusawa, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 9:323-329, 1996) was highest prior to and during appressorium morphogenesis.