R Barrett Noone1. 1. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. rbnoone@parsal.com
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The elements of midfacial aging include elongation of the lower eyelid, flattening of the malar eminence, hollowing in the submalar area, laxity of the jowls, and deepening of the nasolabial crease. Attention to rejuvenation of these areas has included various techniques involving movement of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and elevation of the malar fat pad. A trend toward simplification in midface lifting has introduced the use of suspension sutures. METHODS: This paper describes an approach to midfacial rejuvenation that combines the elements of SMAS plication and lateral SMASectomy with a suture suspension of the malar fat pad to achieve long-lasting improvement of the aging midface. The ptotic malar fat pad is suspended by suture to the deep temporal fascia. The suture passes from the subcutaneous position where it is fixed to the malar fat pad, through the SMAS, and over the periosteum of the zygoma, and is fixed to the deep temporal fascia. Plication of the SMAS over the suture, combined with lateral SMASectomy, provides three vectors of elevation beneath the skin in midface rhytidectomy. RESULTS: This technique was used in 259 patients between October of 2000 and October of 2004, producing effective long-lasting results with limited convalescence and minimal complication rates. CONCLUSIONS: Safe dissection in the subcutaneous plane avoids injury to facial nerve branches. Plication of the SMAS with suture suspension of the malar fat pad avoids the prolonged convalescence and other morbidities of extensive sub-SMAS or deep plane dissections. This simplified approach can be quickly and easily performed under local anesthesia as an isolated midface procedure, or can be combined with surgery of the forehead, eyebrows, eyelids, or neck by standard techniques of rejuvenation.
BACKGROUND: The elements of midfacial aging include elongation of the lower eyelid, flattening of the malar eminence, hollowing in the submalar area, laxity of the jowls, and deepening of the nasolabial crease. Attention to rejuvenation of these areas has included various techniques involving movement of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and elevation of the malar fat pad. A trend toward simplification in midface lifting has introduced the use of suspension sutures. METHODS: This paper describes an approach to midfacial rejuvenation that combines the elements of SMAS plication and lateral SMASectomy with a suture suspension of the malar fat pad to achieve long-lasting improvement of the aging midface. The ptotic malar fat pad is suspended by suture to the deep temporal fascia. The suture passes from the subcutaneous position where it is fixed to the malar fat pad, through the SMAS, and over the periosteum of the zygoma, and is fixed to the deep temporal fascia. Plication of the SMAS over the suture, combined with lateral SMASectomy, provides three vectors of elevation beneath the skin in midface rhytidectomy. RESULTS: This technique was used in 259 patients between October of 2000 and October of 2004, producing effective long-lasting results with limited convalescence and minimal complication rates. CONCLUSIONS: Safe dissection in the subcutaneous plane avoids injury to facial nerve branches. Plication of the SMAS with suture suspension of the malar fat pad avoids the prolonged convalescence and other morbidities of extensive sub-SMAS or deep plane dissections. This simplified approach can be quickly and easily performed under local anesthesia as an isolated midface procedure, or can be combined with surgery of the forehead, eyebrows, eyelids, or neck by standard techniques of rejuvenation.