Stages of moral development among Brazilian dental students.

This research study aimed to evaluate the level of moral and ethical development of first-year students in a dental school. The students were presented with a dilemma that touched on personal and conflicting values. In responding to the questions posed, they had to present their criteria for judgments and norms that directly influence their behavior. Answers were then analyzed, leading to the categorization of interviewees into five stages of moral development according to Kohlberg's moral development system. The first, lowest stage in Kohlberg's system was reached by 11 percent of students. Most interviewees (47 percent) were in stage two, where individuals are conscious of their own conflicting interests, but an individualistic and instrumental set of morals tends to regulate those interests. Thirty percent of interviewees were identified with stage three, and 8.3 percent were found in stage four, whose main characteristic is the perception of self as a member of society, thus integrating interpersonal perspectives. Only one student reached stage five, in which the person recognizes universal rights and establishes a hierarchy of priorities. No individuals were found in stage six of moral development. The level of moral development found was low for students at this level, which may compromise the optimal moral development of the future dentist. The low level of moral development found may jeopardize the work of the future professionals, their treatment of patients, and society as a whole.