Total wrist arthroplasty.

Normal wrist motion is accomplished by a complex interaction of multiple articulations involving the radius, ulna, and carpal bones. Total wrist arthroplasty cannot duplicate this intricate system, but it can potentially produce a stable, pain-free joint with functional range of motion. Achieving a functional and durable outcome requires proper patient selection, careful preoperative planning, and accurate implantation. Because arthroplasty poses greater risks than arthrodesis, low demand patients with special needs or desires for wrist motion are the best candidates. In particular, patients with arthritis involving multiple joints of the upper limbs often find tasks of daily living easier when some wrist motion is preserved. Other patients may choose arthroplasty over arthrodesis to better maintain their ability to perform vocational and avocational activities. Regardless of a patient's desire for arthroplasty, he or she must accept the lifetime of restricted activities imposed by an artificial wrist, which are similar to any other joint replacement. Complications may include infection, imbalance, implant breakage, dislocation, and loosening. Revision arthroplasty or conversion to an arthrodesis are options for the failed total wrist.