PURPOSE: To demonstrate reciprocal changes of the apparent proton-T2 time in the biceps and triceps due to passive contraction and extension of the muscle fibers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The contraction state of the upper arm muscles of six healthy volunteers was passively changed by alternating the forearm position between the straight-arm position and an elbow flexion of 90 degrees. The relaxation of the muscle during passive contraction and extension was measured with the use of muscle electromyography (EMG) experiments. Spin-echo (SE) MRI with increasing echo times (TEs) of 12-90 msec was used to acquire the averaged signal decay of the segmented biceps and triceps. The apparent T2 was deduced using monoexponential least-square fitting. RESULTS: The median T2 alterations in biceps and triceps among all volunteers were found to be 1.2 and -1.3 msec in the straight and bent forearm positions, respectively. The confidence intervals (0.5 to 1.7 msec in biceps, and -2.6 to -1.1 msec in triceps) clearly indicate that proton-T2 in MR images is significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged with muscle contraction. CONCLUSION: The observed increase of the proton-T2 time was correlated with a passive contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. This passive effect can be attributed to changes in the intracellular water mobility corresponding to the well-known "active" T2 increase that occurs after stimulation of muscle. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PURPOSE: To demonstrate reciprocal changes of the apparent proton-T2 time in the biceps and triceps due to passive contraction and extension of the muscle fibers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The contraction state of the upper arm muscles of six healthy volunteers was passively changed by alternating the forearm position between the straight-arm position and an elbow flexion of 90 degrees. The relaxation of the muscle during passive contraction and extension was measured with the use of muscle electromyography (EMG) experiments. Spin-echo (SE) MRI with increasing echo times (TEs) of 12-90 msec was used to acquire the averaged signal decay of the segmented biceps and triceps. The apparent T2 was deduced using monoexponential least-square fitting. RESULTS: The median T2 alterations in biceps and triceps among all volunteers were found to be 1.2 and -1.3 msec in the straight and bent forearm positions, respectively. The confidence intervals (0.5 to 1.7 msec in biceps, and -2.6 to -1.1 msec in triceps) clearly indicate that proton-T2 in MR images is significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged with muscle contraction. CONCLUSION: The observed increase of the proton-T2 time was correlated with a passive contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. This passive effect can be attributed to changes in the intracellular water mobility corresponding to the well-known "active" T2 increase that occurs after stimulation of muscle. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.