OBJECTIVE: To verify presence and severity of muscular and/or intravascular damage during a subterranean exploration of long duration. METHODS: We measured serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as markers of muscular damage. We also measured haptoglobin as a marker of intravascular haemolysis, and platelets and leucocytes as markers of inflammation. RESULTS: We found in all the participants an increase in CK, LDH, and platelets and leucocytes (mainly due to neutrophilia and monocytosis), and a decrease in the level of haptoglobin and circulating lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The observed data suggest that continuous effort during long alpine subterranean explorations, environmental conditions, sleep deprivation, multiple impacts on rocks, and compression caused by bindings of the caving harness cause muscle damage, intravascular haemolysis, inflammation response, and immunological changes.
OBJECTIVE: To verify presence and severity of muscular and/or intravascular damage during a subterranean exploration of long duration. METHODS: We measured serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as markers of muscular damage. We also measured haptoglobin as a marker of intravascular haemolysis, and platelets and leucocytes as markers of inflammation. RESULTS: We found in all the participants an increase in CK, LDH, and platelets and leucocytes (mainly due to neutrophilia and monocytosis), and a decrease in the level of haptoglobin and circulating lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The observed data suggest that continuous effort during long alpine subterranean explorations, environmental conditions, sleep deprivation, multiple impacts on rocks, and compression caused by bindings of the caving harness cause muscle damage, intravascular haemolysis, inflammation response, and immunological changes.
Authors: S C Smith; J T Dove; A K Jacobs; J W Kennedy; D Kereiakes; M J Kern; R E Kuntz; J J Popma; H V Schaff; D O Williams; R J Gibbons; J P Alpert; K A Eagle; D P Faxon; V Fuster; T J Gardner; G Gregoratos; R O Russell; S C Smith Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2001-06-15 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Alexander Kratz; Kent B Lewandrowski; Arthur J Siegel; Kelly Y Chun; James G Flood; Elizabeth M Van Cott; Elizabeth Lee-Lewandrowski Journal: Am J Clin Pathol Date: 2002-12 Impact factor: 2.493
Authors: P Heiser; B Dickhaus; W Schreiber; H W Clement; C Hasse; J Hennig; H Remschmidt; J C Krieg; W Wesemann; C Opper Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2000 Impact factor: 5.270
Authors: Christer Malm; The Late Bertil Sjödin; Berit Sjöberg; Rodica Lenkei; Per Renström; Ingrid E Lundberg; Björn Ekblom Journal: J Physiol Date: 2004-02-06 Impact factor: 5.182