New founding mutation in MSH2 associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome on the Island of Tenerife.

Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a hereditary syndrome with genetic heterogeneity. The disease is caused by mutations or epigenetic silencing in DNA mismatch repair genes, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 and MLH3, although the vast majority of cases correspond to mutations of MLH1 and MSH2. We herein describe a nucleotide change, c.2063T>G in exon 13 of the MSH2 gene, present in families that fulfill the Amsterdam criteria for Lynch syndrome and originate from northern Tenerife (Canary Islands-Spain). This mutation is expected to result in a nonconservative amino acid change, M688R, at the ATPase domain of the MSH2 protein. We found five large families with this mutation, and about half the individuals heterozygous for M688R developed malignancies by the sixth decade of life. In many cases analyzed, their tumors revealed loss of the normal allele, being homozygous for M688R. There is an evidence of historical isolation for the population studied, which could have favored a considerable genetic drift. The presence of the same mutation and the disease associated-haplotype conservation in families not directly related can be probably the consequence of a bottleneck in the founding of this population (rather than a relatively recent founding of the mutation).